Adderall: Benefits, Risks, and Safety Guidelines

Important Medical Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Adderall is a prescription controlled substance that should only be used under the direct supervision of a licensed healthcare provider and acquired from a legitimate licensed healthcare enterprises like globalpharmaceutics.com. Never start, stop, or change any medication without consulting a qualified medical professional. Misuse of prescription stimulants can be dangerous and potentially life-threatening. If you or someone you know is struggling with substance use, help is available through the SAMHSA National Helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357).

What Is Adderall?

Adderall is a prescription central nervous system (CNS) stimulant medication used primarily to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It contains a combination of four different amphetamine salts that work together to affect neurotransmitters in the brain.

Key Facts About Adderall

Drug Class: Central nervous system (CNS) stimulant
Active Ingredients: Mixed amphetamine salts (dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine)
Regulatory Status: Schedule II controlled substance in the United States
Brand Names: Adderall (immediate-release), Adderall XR (extended-release)
Availability: Prescription-only medication
Primary Uses: ADHD and narcolepsy treatment
Mechanism: Increases dopamine and norepinephrine activity in the brain

How Adderall Works in the Brain

Understanding how Adderall works requires understanding the neurobiology of attention, focus, and impulse control.

Neurotransmitters and Brain Function

Your brain cells (neurons) communicate using chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. Two key neurotransmitters affected by Adderall are:

1. Dopamine

Involved in reward, motivation, and pleasure
Plays a crucial role in attention and focus
Affects executive function (planning, organizing, prioritizing)
Influences mood and emotional regulation

2. Norepinephrine

Involved in alertness and arousal
Affects attention and concentration
Plays a role in the body’s “fight or flight” response
Influences blood pressure and heart rate

Adderall’s Mechanism of Action

Adderall works through several mechanisms:

1. Increases Neurotransmitter Release

Stimulates release of dopamine and norepinephrine from nerve terminals
Increases the amount of these neurotransmitters available in the synapse (gap between neurons)

2. Blocks Reuptake

Prevents dopamine and norepinephrine from being reabsorbed too quickly
Allows neurotransmitters to remain active longer
Enhances signal transmission in relevant brain circuits

3. Affects Multiple Brain Regions

Prefrontal cortex: Improves executive function, attention, and impulse control
Striatum: Affects motivation and reward processing
Reticular activating system: Increases alertness and arousal
Hypothalamus: Affects appetite and sleep regulation

Why This Helps ADHD

In people with ADHD, certain brain circuits don’t function optimally:

Attention networks may be underactive
Impulse control may be impaired
Executive function may be compromised

By increasing dopamine and norepinephrine activity in these circuits, Adderall can:

Improve ability to focus and sustain attention
Reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity
Enhance executive function (organization, planning, working memory)
Improve task completion and follow-through

Medical Uses and Appropriate Prescribing

FDA-Approved Uses

Adderall is approved for:

1. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

In children (typically ages 6 and older)
In adolescents
In adults
As part of comprehensive treatment program that may include psychological, educational, and social interventions

2. Narcolepsy

A sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness
Sudden sleep attacks
Sometimes accompanied by cataplexy (sudden muscle weakness)

ADHD Diagnosis and Assessment

Proper ADHD diagnosis requires comprehensive evaluation by a qualified healthcare provider:

Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-5):

Pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity
Symptoms present before age 12
Symptoms present in two or more settings (home, school, work)
Clear evidence of interference with functioning
Symptoms not better explained by another mental disorder

Evaluation May Include:

Detailed medical history
Symptom questionnaires (patient, parent, teacher reports)
Physical examination
Review of academic/work performance
Assessment for co-occurring conditions
Ruling out other causes (sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, learning disabilities, thyroid problems, etc.)

Important Prescribing Principles

Legitimate Adderall prescribing follows these guidelines:

Comprehensive evaluation to confirm diagnosis
Assessment of cardiovascular risk before starting
Evaluation for substance use history and risk factors
Lowest effective dose to minimize side effects
Regular monitoring of effectiveness and side effects
Periodic reassessment of continued need
Monitoring of growth in children (height, weight)
Blood pressure and heart rate monitoring
Assessment for misuse or diversion

Formulations and Dosing

Immediate-Release (IR) Formulation

Brand name: Adderall
Duration: Typically 4-6 hours
Dosing frequency: Usually 1-3 times daily
Onset: Relatively rapid (within 30-60 minutes)
Use: Allows flexible dosing throughout the day
Considerations: May cause more noticeable “peaks and valleys” in effect

Extended-Release (XR) Formulation

Brand name: Adderall XR
Duration: Typically 10-12 hours
Dosing frequency: Usually once daily in the morning
Onset: Gradual release over time
Use: Provides all-day coverage with single dose
Considerations: More consistent blood levels, may be more convenient

Dosing Considerations

Important: Dosing is highly individualized and must be determined by a healthcare provider based on:

Age and weight
Diagnosis (ADHD vs. narcolepsy)
Severity of symptoms
Response to treatment
Side effect tolerance
Other medical conditions
Other medications
Time of day symptoms are most problematic

General Principles:

Start with lowest dose
Titrate gradually based on response
Take in the morning to avoid sleep interference
May take with or without food (though high-fat meals may delay absorption)
Do not crush or chew extended-release capsules
Capsules can be opened and sprinkled on food if needed (XR formulation)

Never adjust your dose without consulting your healthcare provider.

Critical Safety Information

Boxed Warnings

Adderall carries FDA boxed warnings (the most serious type) for:

1. High Potential for Abuse and Dependence

Amphetamines have high potential for abuse and dependence
Assess risk before prescribing
Monitor for signs of abuse and dependence while on therapy
Schedule II controlled substance due to abuse potential
Misuse can cause addiction, overdose, and death

2. Cardiovascular Risks

Sudden death has been reported in patients with structural cardiac abnormalities or other serious heart problems
Avoid use in patients with known structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious heart rhythm abnormalities, coronary artery disease, or other serious cardiac conditions
Evaluate all patients for cardiac disease before starting
Monitor blood pressure and heart rate regularly

Contraindications (Who Should NOT Take Adderall)

Adderall is contraindicated in people with:

Known hypersensitivity to amphetamine products or any component
Advanced arteriosclerosis (hardening of arteries)
Symptomatic cardiovascular disease
Moderate to severe hypertension (high blood pressure)
Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid)
Known glaucoma
Agitated states
History of drug abuse
During or within 14 days following MAOI use (certain antidepressants)
Severe anxiety, tension, or agitation

Common Side Effects

Most people experience some side effects, particularly when starting treatment or after dose increases:

Very Common (affecting more than 10% of users):

Decreased appetite and weight loss
Insomnia or sleep disturbances
Dry mouth
Headache
Stomach pain or upset stomach
Nausea
Nervousness or anxiety
Dizziness
Irritability or mood changes
Increased heart rate
Increased blood pressure

Common (affecting 1-10% of users):

Constipation or diarrhea
Vomiting
Weight loss (especially in children)
Blurred vision
Sweating
Tremor
Tics or worsening of tics
Libido changes
Emotional lability (mood swings)
Aggression or hostility
Restlessness

Serious Side Effects (Require Immediate Medical Attention)

Seek emergency care if you experience:

Cardiovascular:

Chest pain or discomfort
Shortness of breath
Fainting or near-fainting
Palpitations or irregular heartbeat
Severe headache
Signs of stroke (weakness on one side, difficulty speaking, vision changes)

Psychiatric:

New or worsening psychosis (hallucinations, delusions, paranoia)
New or worsening mania (extreme energy, racing thoughts, reckless behavior)
Suicidal thoughts or behaviors
Severe aggression or hostility
Severe anxiety or panic attacks
Confusion or disorientation

Other Serious Effects:

Seizures
Signs of serotonin syndrome (agitation, hallucinations, rapid heart rate, fever, muscle stiffness, twitching, loss of coordination, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
Signs of circulation problems (numbness, pain, skin color changes, temperature sensitivity in fingers or toes – Raynaud’s phenomenon)
Uncontrolled movements (tics, muscle spasms)
Prolonged or painful erection (priapism) – rare but serious
Severe allergic reaction (rash, hives, swelling of face/lips/tongue, difficulty breathing)
Vision changes or eye pain

Long-Term Considerations

Growth Suppression in Children:

Stimulants may cause temporary slowing of growth rate
Monitor height and weight regularly
Growth typically resumes after treatment discontinuation
Discuss risks and benefits with pediatrician

Cardiovascular Effects:

Small increases in blood pressure and heart rate are common
Long-term cardiovascular effects still being studied
Regular monitoring recommended
Report any chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting

Psychiatric Effects:

May exacerbate pre-existing psychiatric conditions
Monitor for new or worsening psychiatric symptoms
May cause or worsen tics
Regular mental health assessment recommended

Risk Factors and Special Populations

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

Before starting Adderall, healthcare providers should:

Take detailed medical history including family history
Perform physical examination
Check blood pressure and heart rate
Consider ECG (electrocardiogram) if cardiac risk factors present
Assess for structural cardiac abnormalities
Evaluate for personal or family history of sudden cardiac death

Patients should report:

Heart problems or heart defects
High blood pressure
Family history of heart disease, heart failure, or sudden death
Chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting

Psychiatric Considerations

Pre-existing Psychiatric Conditions:

May worsen symptoms of bipolar disorder
May exacerbate psychosis in susceptible individuals
May increase anxiety or agitation
Requires careful monitoring and risk-benefit assessment

Screening Recommended For:

Personal or family history of mental illness
Suicide attempts or suicidal ideation
Bipolar disorder
Psychosis or schizophrenia
Depression
Aggression or conduct problems

Substance Use History

Increased Risk Populations:

Personal history of substance use disorder
Family history of substance use disorder
Alcohol use disorder
Prescription medication misuse
Illicit drug use

Monitoring May Include:

Prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) checks
Urine drug screening
Pill counts
Regular assessment for misuse behaviors
Treatment agreements

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Pregnancy:

Adderall should be used during pregnancy only if potential benefit justifies potential risk
Amphetamines may cause premature birth, low birth weight
May cause withdrawal symptoms in newborn
Discuss family planning with provider
Consider non-medication alternatives during pregnancy when possible

Breastfeeding:

Amphetamines pass into breast milk
Can cause serious adverse reactions in nursing infants
Breastfeeding is generally not recommended while taking Adderall
Discuss alternatives with healthcare provider

Pediatric Patients

Special Considerations for Children:

Careful diagnosis essential (ADHD symptoms can overlap with other conditions)
Monitor growth (height, weight) regularly
Monitor appetite and nutrition
Assess impact on sleep
Monitor for psychiatric side effects
Evaluate for tics or movement disorders
Regular reassessment of continued need
Consider behavioral interventions alongside medication

Elderly Patients

Less commonly prescribed in elderly
Higher risk of cardiovascular side effects
May interact with multiple medications
Requires careful risk-benefit assessment
Lower doses typically required
Close monitoring essential

The Misuse and Abuse Crisis

Why Adderall Is Heavily Regulated

Adderall is a Schedule II controlled substance because:

High potential for abuse – Can lead to psychological or physical dependence
Accepted medical use – Has legitimate medical applications when properly prescribed
Severe dependence risk – May lead to severe psychological or physical dependence
Diversion risk – Can be misused by others if not stored securely

Non-Medical Use Statistics

Prescription stimulant misuse is a significant public health concern
Most common among college students and young adults
Often used for academic performance enhancement
Can lead to addiction, overdose, and death
Increases risk of other substance use

Warning Signs of Misuse

In Patients:

Taking more medication than prescribed
Running out of medication early or frequently
Requesting dose increases frequently
“Doctor shopping” (seeing multiple providers for prescriptions)
Using medication for reasons other than prescribed (to stay awake, study, lose weight, get high)
Mood changes, personality changes, or behavioral changes
Social withdrawal or isolation
Obtaining medication from non-medical sources
Crushing, snorting, or injecting medication

In Others (Diversion):

Medication disappearing from home
Finding pills or pill fragments
Changes in friend groups or social activities
Academic or work performance changes
Sleep pattern changes
Increased energy followed by crashes
Possession of prescription medications not prescribed to them

Dangers of Non-Medical Use

Using Adderall without a prescription or in ways other than prescribed can cause:

Addiction and dependence
Cardiovascular problems (heart attack, stroke, sudden death)
Psychiatric problems (psychosis, mania, severe anxiety, paranoia)
Overdose (potentially fatal)
Dangerous interactions with other substances
Legal consequences (possession without prescription is illegal)
Academic or professional consequences

Safe Use Guidelines

If Prescribed Adderall

If your healthcare provider prescribes Adderall, follow these critical safety guidelines:

1. Take Exactly As Prescribed

Never take more than prescribed
Never take more frequently than prescribed
Never take for longer than prescribed
Do not crush, chew, or break extended-release capsules
Take in the morning to avoid sleep interference
Do not share with anyone under any circumstances

2. Avoid Dangerous Combinations

Do not drink alcohol or limit significantly
Do not take other stimulants (caffeine, energy drinks, decongestants) without medical approval
Do not take MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping MAOIs
Inform all healthcare providers about all medications and supplements you take
Be cautious with antidepressants (risk of serotonin syndrome)

3. Monitor Your Response

Track your symptoms and medication effectiveness
Monitor blood pressure and heart rate if recommended
Report side effects to your provider promptly
Keep all follow-up appointments
Be honest about medication use and any concerns

4. Store Safely

Keep in original container
Store in secure, locked location
Do not share with anyone
Track your pill count
Keep away from heat and moisture
Be especially careful if there are others in the household who might misuse it

5. Dispose Properly

Use drug take-back programs when available
Follow FDA guidelines for disposal
Do not flush unless specifically instructed
Remove from home when no longer needed
Mix with undesirable substance before disposal if take-back not available

For Parents of Children Taking Adderall

Important Responsibilities:

Secure storage: Keep medication locked and inaccessible
Monitor administration: Ensure child takes medication as prescribed
Track medication: Count pills regularly
Communicate with school: Ensure proper administration if taken at school
Monitor for side effects: Watch for appetite changes, sleep problems, mood changes
Regular follow-up: Attend all medical appointments
Educate your child: Teach them not to share medication
Watch for diversion: Be alert to medication disappearing

Drug Interactions

Major Interactions

MAO Inhibitors (Contraindicated – Do Not Use Together):

Phenelzine (Nardil)
Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
Isocarboxazid (Marplan)
Selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam)
Linezolid (antibiotic)
Methylene blue
Risk: Hypertensive crisis (dangerously high blood pressure)

Other Stimulants (Increased Cardiovascular Risk):

Caffeine (in large amounts)
Decongestants (pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine)
Other ADHD medications
Weight loss medications
Energy supplements
Risk: Increased heart rate, blood pressure, cardiovascular events

Serotonergic Medications (Serotonin Syndrome Risk):

SSRIs (fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine)
SNRIs (venlafaxine, duloxetine)
TCAs (amitriptyline, nortriptyline)
Triptans (migraine medications)
Other opioids with serotonergic activity
Certain supplements (St. John’s wort, tryptophan)
Risk: Serotonin syndrome (potentially life-threatening)

Acidifying Agents (Decreased Adderall Effect):

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
Fruit juices
Some urinary acidifiers
Risk: Reduced effectiveness

Alkalinizing Agents (Increased Adderall Effect):

Antacids
Sodium bicarbonate
Some diuretics
Risk: Increased side effects

Blood Pressure Medications (Reduced Effectiveness):

Antihypertensives
Risk: Adderall may reduce effectiveness of blood pressure medications

Anticoagulants (Altered Effect):

Warfarin
Risk: Altered anticoagulant effect

Always Inform Your Providers

Tell all your healthcare providers about:

All prescription medications
All over-the-counter medications
All vitamins and supplements
All herbal products
Caffeine consumption
Alcohol consumption
Recreational drug use

Monitoring During Treatment

Regular Follow-Up

Your healthcare provider should monitor:

Effectiveness:

Symptom improvement (attention, focus, impulse control)
Academic or work performance
Social functioning
Quality of life improvements
Goal attainment

Safety:

Blood pressure and heart rate
Height and weight (in children)
Appetite and nutrition
Sleep patterns
Mood and mental status
Signs of misuse or diversion
Side effects and tolerability
Cardiovascular symptoms
Psychiatric symptoms

Ongoing Need:

Periodic reassessment of diagnosis
Evaluation of continued medication need
Consideration of medication holidays (in some cases)
Assessment of non-medication interventions

Treatment Agreements

Many providers use controlled substance treatment agreements that outline:

Expectations for medication use
Requirements for regular follow-up
Urine drug screening requirements
Pill count requirements
Safe storage requirements
Conditions for continuation or discontinuation
Emergency contact information
Consequences of agreement violations

Alternative and Complementary Approaches

Non-Medication ADHD Treatments

Behavioral Interventions:

Behavioral therapy
Parent training (for children)
Classroom interventions
Organizational skills training
Social skills training
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

Educational Interventions:

Individualized Education Programs (IEPs)
504 Plans
Academic accommodations
Tutoring
Study skills training

Lifestyle Modifications:

Regular exercise
Adequate sleep
Balanced nutrition
Structured routines
Minimizing distractions
Time management strategies
Mindfulness and meditation

Medication Alternatives

Other Stimulants:

Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, Daytrana)
Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)
Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)
Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
Methamphetamine (Desoxyn) – rarely used

Non-Stimulant Medications:

Atomoxetine (Strattera) – norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Guanfacine (Intuniv) – alpha-2 agonist
Clonidine (Kapvay) – alpha-2 agonist
Bupropion (Wellbutrin) – antidepressant (off-label)
Tricyclic antidepressants (off-label)

Comprehensive Treatment Approach

Best outcomes typically come from combining:

Medication (when appropriate)
Behavioral interventions
Educational support
Family support
Lifestyle modifications
Regular monitoring and adjustment

Special Considerations

Academic and Performance Enhancement

Important Facts:

Adderall is NOT a “smart drug” for people without ADHD
Using without prescription for academic enhancement is dangerous and illegal
Does not improve cognitive function in people without ADHD
Can actually impair performance due to side effects
Risks far outweigh any perceived benefits
Can lead to addiction, cardiovascular problems, psychiatric issues

Ethical and Legal Issues:

Possession without prescription is illegal
Academic institutions have policies against misuse
Can result in disciplinary action
Sharing or selling is illegal (drug trafficking)

Driving and Operating Machinery

Adderall may affect ability to drive or operate machinery
Assess your individual response before driving
Be cautious when starting or changing dose
Avoid if experiencing dizziness, blurred vision, or other impairing side effects
Discuss with your healthcare provider

Sports and Athletics

Amphetamines are banned substances in most competitive sports
May require therapeutic use exemption (TUE) for athletes
Can cause positive drug tests
Discuss with healthcare provider if you are an athlete

Recognizing and Responding to Problems

When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider

Contact your provider if you experience:

Troublesome side effects
Medication not working as expected
Need for dose adjustment
New or worsening psychiatric symptoms
Cardiovascular symptoms (chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations)
Significant appetite suppression or weight loss
Sleep problems
Mood changes or irritability
Tics or movement disorders
Any concerns about medication use

When to Seek Emergency Care

Seek immediate medical attention for:

Chest pain or pressure
Shortness of breath
Fainting or near-fainting
Severe headache
Signs of stroke (weakness on one side, difficulty speaking, vision changes)
Hallucinations or delusions
Suicidal thoughts or behaviors
Seizures
Signs of serotonin syndrome
Severe allergic reaction
Prolonged or painful erection
Signs of circulation problems in fingers or toes

Overdose Recognition and Response

Signs of Overdose:

Restlessness, agitation, panic
Rapid breathing
Confusion, delirium
Hallucinations
Severe anxiety or aggression
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Rapid or irregular heartbeat
High blood pressure
Fever
Muscle pain or weakness
Dark urine
Seizures
Loss of consciousness
Coma

What To Do:

Call 911 or poison control immediately (1-800-222-1222 in US)
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed
Provide information about what was taken and when
Stay with the person until help arrives
Bring medication container to emergency department

Resources and Support

For Patients and Families

CHADD: Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (chadd.org)
ADDitude Magazine: Resources and support (additudemag.com)
National Institute of Mental Health: Information on ADHD (nimh.nih.gov)
CDC ADHD Resources: (cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd)
Support groups: Local and online ADHD support groups

For Those Struggling with Substance Use

SAMHSA National Helpline: 1-800-662-HELP (4357) – Free, confidential, 24/7
Crisis Text Line: Text HOME to 741741
National Suicide Prevention Lifeline: 988
Local treatment providers: Through SAMHSA treatment locator
Support groups: Narcotics Anonymous (NA), SMART Recovery, and others

For Mental Health Support

NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness (nami.org)
Mental Health America: (mhanational.org)
Psychology Today Therapist Finder: Find mental health professionals
Crisis services: Local crisis hotlines and emergency services

Questions to Ask Your Healthcare Provider

If Adderall is being considered for ADHD or narcolepsy:

Is Adderall the best option for my specific situation?
What are the alternatives (medication and non-medication)?
What are the specific risks for me given my medical history?
What is the lowest effective dose?
How will we monitor effectiveness and side effects?
How long should I expect to take this medication?
What side effects should I watch for and report?
How will this interact with my other medications?
What should I do if I miss a dose?
How should I store this medication safely?
What are the signs of problems I should watch for?
How often will I need follow-up appointments?
What lifestyle changes might help my symptoms?
Should I consider behavioral therapy or other interventions?
What is the plan for periodic reassessment?

Conclusion

Adderall is a prescription CNS stimulant medication that can be highly effective for treating ADHD and narcolepsy when used appropriately under medical supervision. By increasing dopamine and norepinephrine activity in the brain, it can significantly improve attention, focus, impulse control, and overall functioning for people with these conditions.

However, Adderall also carries significant risks including:

High potential for abuse and dependence
Cardiovascular risks including sudden death in susceptible individuals
Psychiatric side effects including psychosis and mania
Growth suppression in children
Serious drug interactions
Legal consequences of misuse

The key principles for safe Adderall use are:

Use only when prescribed by a licensed healthcare provider for legitimate medical indication
Take exactly as directed – never more, never more frequently, never for non-medical reasons
Understand the risks and monitor for warning signs
Avoid dangerous combinations especially MAOIs, other stimulants, and certain antidepressants
Store and dispose safely to prevent diversion and accidental ingestion
Work closely with your healthcare provider throughout treatment with regular monitoring
Consider comprehensive treatment including behavioral interventions and lifestyle modifications
Never share with anyone under any circumstances
Be honest with your provider about medication use, side effects, and any concerns

ADHD is a real medical condition that can significantly impact quality of life, and effective treatment can be life-changing. However, it requires proper diagnosis, careful medication management, and ongoing monitoring to ensure safety and effectiveness.

If you have questions or concerns about Adderall, ADHD, or narcolepsy treatment, speak with a qualified healthcare provider who can provide personalized medical advice based on your specific situation, medical history, and needs.

Remember: Your safety and health are paramount. Never hesitate to ask questions, report concerns, or seek help if you or someone you know is struggling with prescription stimulant use.

Medical Disclaimer: This article is for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Adderall is a Schedule II controlled substance with serious risks including addiction, cardiovascular events, psychiatric effects, and overdose. Always seek the advice of qualified healthcare providers with any questions about medical conditions or treatments. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you have read in this article. Misuse of prescription stimulants can be dangerous and potentially fatal. If you or someone you know is struggling with substance use, call the SAMHSA National Helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357).